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Messages 1 - 125 of total 125 in this topic |
climbski2
Mountain climber
Anchorage AK, Reno NV
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Dec 22, 2014 - 05:44pm PT
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Congrats Callie. That is a real honor and an important message too.
I am not surprised at your general results. But I am surprised that your study is one of so few. Quantifying a problem is critical.
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scuffy b
climber
heading slowly NNW
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Dec 22, 2014 - 05:45pm PT
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Thanks, Greg, and extra big thanks to Crimpergirl.
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GDavis
Social climber
SOL CAL
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Dec 22, 2014 - 05:51pm PT
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There's been a great movement in the past few years to bring better education and understanding about the realities of rape and sex crimes against women. Of course it had to start with high-profile cases revolving well-loved college fraternities, but the ball got rolling and it has been both refreshing and saddening to see so many women come forth with stories and help to other victims.
There aren't many women in my circles who have not been abused or molested. I've spent more hours staring stone-faced at the floor while a happy and vibrant human lets me in on a darkness that they fight daily. I know our world is getting better, and things are getting better, but things are bad - REAL bad. Even in the best societies.
For the life of me I can't imagine doing those acts - not that I'm some kind of saint, I've sinned enough for a lifetime or two - but there is something innately despicable about forcing yourself on someone and taking their innocence that goes beyond my understanding. As my youthfully ignorant eyes are opened I am overwhelmed by the reality of the damage and the heart of the survivors.
Thanks for the link, I loved it. A great perspective.
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apogee
climber
Technically expert, safe belayer, can lead if easy
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:01pm PT
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Congrats, Crimpie. That is something to be very proud of.
Greg's comments are interesting- a few days ago, in another thread, someone derided the person who got their stuff stolen from their truck for not adequately securing their stuff- as though this person was somehow & to some degree mutually complicit & to blame for losing their stuff to some scumbag.
My impression of that position at that time brought me to the same viewpoint related to rape, esp. as in college environments. (I didn't bring it up at that time as it seemed too hyperbolic of a comparison.) There is a disturbing, real point of view out there that victims of rape who dress a particular way, drink too much, or say something in a particular way, are therefore complicit in what happens to them.
This point of view makes me nauseated....that it could possibly exist and somehow seem acceptable to anyone in our supposedly 'advanced' society. Greg's right...things are still bad out there.
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Chaz
Trad climber
greater Boss Angeles area
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:03pm PT
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Way to GO, CG!
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:04pm PT
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Thanks Eeeyonkee for sharing. I'm glad folks are enjoying the piece. It's a shame that sexual violence continues to be a terrible problem here in the USA, but happy it is receiving increased attention. Hopefully that will make a difference.
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Evel
Trad climber
Nedsterdam CO
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:04pm PT
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Well done!
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Jaybro
Social climber
Wolf City, Wyoming
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:16pm PT
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Nice work, Crimp!
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Clint Cummins
Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:19pm PT
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Good work, Callie.
Good framing with the recent interest in sexual assault at colleges.
Do you have a PDF version of a paper where you go beyond
one-variable stratifications (which are the right starting point).
I am thinking you probably estimated a logit model where age and the
other factors are all considered at the same time,
and see what comes in as most significant after age.
Although it would quickly get too technical for an op-ed, probably.
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johntp
Trad climber
socal
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:27pm PT
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Good on ya crimpie. That must have been a hard piece to write.
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BrassNuts
Trad climber
Save your a_s, reach for the brass...
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:36pm PT
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I'm very proud of Callie's hard work on this :-) We had sushi for dinner to celebrate - yum.
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feralfae
Boulder climber
in the midst of a metaphysical mystery
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Dec 22, 2014 - 06:41pm PT
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Brava! Callie, good work! I hope your studies help to open more dialogue about the issues of violence, especially sexual violence, against women in this country. We seem to have more than our share of it in this nation.
So glad to see the work you are doing, thank you
feralfae
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:06pm PT
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Clint - I sent you a PM. Let me know if it doesn't arrive.
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Reilly
Mountain climber
The Other Monrovia- CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:31pm PT
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Congrats, Callie! I'm sure the kudos don't begin to reflect all your hard work but you can take
the rest of the night off, mkay?
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:47pm PT
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:) Thanks Reilly - will do. :) And thanks to the rest of you for your kind words.
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SC seagoat
Trad climber
In What Time Zone Am I?
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:49pm PT
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Excellent! Thanks for a great article.
Susan
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wayne w
Trad climber
the nw
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:53pm PT
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Great work Callie, so very proud of you! May this article be another piece of the puzzle that helps to end this despicable aspect of our society.
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JEleazarian
Trad climber
Fresno CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:56pm PT
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Outstanding work, and well-deserved recognition, Callie. I, too, would be interested in any multivariate statistics. While it doesn't surprise me (sad to say), it still saddens me that sexual assault and rape are two more indignities that the poorest women experience disproportionately.
John
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phylp
Trad climber
Upland, CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:56pm PT
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This is important work and it's fantastic to have the opportunity to get it out to such a wide audience through the NYT.
Congratulations on the work and the high profile publication.
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zBrown
Ice climber
Brujň de la Playa
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:57pm PT
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Congrats. Strangely enough I was just wondering the other night what you'd been up to.
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Fritz
Trad climber
Choss Creek, ID
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Dec 22, 2014 - 07:59pm PT
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Congrats on the national media exposeure for your research. Hopefully there will now be more attention on this horrible situation.
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Ward Trotter
Trad climber
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:00pm PT
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Kind of odd that that the only metric for rape cited in this article was income---- but not all that surprising, given that we are talking NY Times here.
That rape is more common amonst the economically and socially "disadvantaged" is not news.
Who funded this eye-opening revelation? Not the taxpayer I hope.
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Daphne
Trad climber
Northern California
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:05pm PT
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Thanks Callie. Rape and molestation are the primary underlying traumas in most of the women I treat as a therapist. The trauma can hang on for decades. More awareness equals more possibilities that women will come in for treatment. It is a very isolating trauma, especially with the blame the victim stance so common in our culture.
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Ward Trotter
Trad climber
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:12pm PT
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The Rolling Stone pieces was beyond " faulty" in that it was a total fabrication.And as far as I know, they have refused to retract the lie they knowingly published.
At least Crimpergirl's piece contains a germ of truth---although highly simplified, and something we already know.
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zBrown
Ice climber
Brujň de la Playa
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:13pm PT
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That rape is more common amonst the economically and socially "disadvantaged" is not news.
Go ahead and take a whack at explaining how you know this to be true?
WTF is a rape metric?
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Ward Trotter
Trad climber
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:19pm PT
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I know it's true because Crimpergirl's research verifed what I already know to be true.
You don't know what a "metric" means when used in this context?
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Clint Cummins
Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:22pm PT
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Most research doesn't yield a surprise.
Usually the goal is to carefully quantify what is going on,
and hopefully relate it to observable factors.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:25pm PT
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The NYT times has a 900 word limit. There is a lot more I could have added (including tables and figures) but had to be economical with words.
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Ward Trotter
Trad climber
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:27pm PT
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All the factors you cited in the list above amount to income , even including age.
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Clint Cummins
Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 08:28pm PT
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age is independent of income.
(actually what I meant is that you can stratify separately by age and income; it's true that older people tend to have higher incomes)
I agree the other things are related to income, although not 100%.
Like Callie said, you can't go into much depth in an op-ed.
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JEleazarian
Trad climber
Fresno CA
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Dec 22, 2014 - 09:15pm PT
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Clint, I'm not sure age is entirely independent of income, although the relationship is nonlinear. Wealth and age have an even stronger correlation. In fact, many of the factors Callie uses as exogenous variables have multicollinearity issues, which makes for interesting statistical methodology problems.
Still, I find the results interesting and useful. I certainly don't find them a waste of time or money. Even if, as Ward suggests, we know the sign of the coefficient, I, for one, had no a priori idea of the value of the coefficient for, say, income as an explanatory variable of sexual violence victims.
The only criminology class I ever took was a class on "victimology," offered as an upper-division undergraduate class at Berkeley in its College of Criminology (no longer in existence). I'd be curious if there exists a subculture of victims or of perps of sexual violence. My victimology textbook The Victim and His Criminal (the title dates it nicely) suggests that there would be a subculture of victims. Any insight on that, Callie?
Thanks.
John
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stevep
Boulder climber
Salt Lake, UT
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Dec 22, 2014 - 09:38pm PT
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Good article and I appreciate the attempt to get at the stats for something that is unpleasant for many to talk about.
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mcreel
climber
Barcelona
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Dec 23, 2014 - 03:50am PT
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Nice job, Callie! I found the piece to be quite informative, even with the word limit. Hopefully this will help to stimulate more research and more data collection and communication.
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Tobia
Social climber
Denial
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Dec 23, 2014 - 04:49am PT
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Kudos to Crimpergirl for having her research published, especially (as noted above) for a societal problem grossly neglected.
Having had relationships with two victims of sexual assault that went unreported, one a college graduate and one not, I would be frightened to know the statistics if these and all the other unreported cases were tallied.
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crankster
Trad climber
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Dec 23, 2014 - 05:23am PT
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What an excellent, relevant piece, Crimper...happy to have someone like you on the forum.
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Clint Cummins
Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 05:49am PT
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I would be frightened to know the statistics if these and all the other unreported cases were be tallied. The statistics in the National Crime Victimization Survey are closer to the true rates than the numbers from police reports.
This is because it is a household survey, so it will pick up crimes which were not reported to the police
(if the person is willing to report them to the survey interviewer).
It is this survey which makes it possible to estimate the fraction of these crimes which go unreported to police.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Crime_Victimization_Survey
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clinker
Trad climber
Santa Cruz, California
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Dec 23, 2014 - 05:57am PT
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The story that is ignored. Rennison gets my vote.
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EdwardT
Gym climber
Discontent
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Dec 23, 2014 - 06:11am PT
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Nice piece, Crimpergirl.
Someone close to me recently served on a jury for a sexual assault case. Two young men (17 or 18) broke in to a woman's house. Their initial intent was robbery. They needed money. But after finding her in just her panties, they felt "obligated" to rape her. The defendant thought he would get probation, considering it was his first offense. He's serving a 20 year sentence.
Society needs to have an ongoing effort to educate people, especially young men, on the seriousness of sexual assault.
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Andy Fielding
Trad climber
UK
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Dec 23, 2014 - 06:22am PT
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It's not meant to be a criticism but I wonder how true this statement is.
But for my purpose this underestimation was unimportant since it was constant and therefore would not affect the relative differences between groups. Are women of different backgrounds whether educated or not more or less likely to report sexual violence? The fact that this happens at all is abhorrent and the key message for me was the following.
We have to stop blaming and shaming survivors, and to start holding perpetrators accountable.
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skcreidc
Social climber
SD, CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 06:30am PT
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Thanks for posting this up Greg. I would have never seen it if you hadn't have done this.
I thought it was a well thought out piece, Crimpergirl. I have never seen this data pulled together in this way. The findings are not really surprising, but ignored which is the real tragedy. I had my wife and college aged daughter read it and they both agreed and thought it was a good op-ed. Nice job and thank you for doing the piece.
Chris
edit;
The one risk factor that remains consistent whether women are advantaged or disadvantaged is age, and women ages 16 to 20 are sexually victimized at the highest rates.
Changing this will take a major cultural change with males and what it means to be a man, which would essentially "solve" the entire problem.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 23, 2014 - 07:02am PT
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I am running out the door so this is short.
Andy - in regards to the "reporting" comment. There are two types of reporting. One is reporting to the police. We know that does differ by victim characteristics. Also, for those who do not know, these data are not based on police reports - they are taken directly from people in their homes.
What I'm speaking of in that statement is that to the extent that the NCVS undercounts RSA, it is likely that it undercounts for both college and non-college females equally. Maybe that is not the case... there is no way to know. Still, I don't see a reason that college v. noncollege females would differentially report to the survey.
Hope that helps.
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micronut
Trad climber
Fresno/Clovis, ca
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Dec 23, 2014 - 07:10am PT
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A heartbreaking topic Callie but beautifully put together, well thought out and organized. I have a daughter headed off to college next year, and honestly I have been thinking about it a bit. Your piece takes a broader view of the problem in general and really put things into perspective for me from a humanity standpoint.
I have often wondered where the United States ranks among other countries, and I have always believed that a less developed country like India, Eritrea or the Congo must see higher rates of sexual assault than more developed nations.
Would you assume a greater disparity between developed and undeveloped nations than even here in the socio-economic spectrum you studied here in America?
Again, congratulations on a nice publish and a great article. I hope much good and insight and awareness comes from it.
Scott
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zBrown
Ice climber
Brujň de la Playa
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Dec 23, 2014 - 07:50am PT
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How did you know it before Crimpie's research verified it?
I know it's true because Crimpergirl's research verifed what I already know to be true.
So I guess her research was worthwhile afterall. You'll get a bill for it as a supplement to your property tax bill.
BTW, just how wealthy are you? I ask only to assess your potential for becoming a rape victim.
When confronted by a would-be rapist, just don't put your head down and retreat like a confused football player.
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Reilly
Mountain climber
The Other Monrovia- CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 07:57am PT
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micronut, aside from Europe any data would be wildly unreliable, at best.
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healyje
Trad climber
Portland, Oregon
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Dec 23, 2014 - 07:58am PT
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Well said! Illuminates poorly-lit aspects of an issue society ignores at its peril. As father of a young adult daughter I applaud your dedication to tracking and shining a bright light on violence in our society and its impact on those often least able to defend themselves.
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Chiloe
Trad climber
Lee, NH
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Dec 23, 2014 - 08:18am PT
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Callie's a rising star in her field, actually has been for some time. This NYT piece is a fine step in putting her research to good purpose.
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JohnnyG
climber
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Dec 23, 2014 - 08:27am PT
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Very well done. Congrats.
so does this essentially come down to power? Most of your variables are ways to quantify power (education, wealth, age)
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Chiloe
Trad climber
Lee, NH
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Dec 23, 2014 - 08:30am PT
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Most of your variables are ways to quantify power (education, wealth, age)
Education, wealth, age (and gender) correlate with just about everything. But they stand for a lot more than power.
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WBraun
climber
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Dec 23, 2014 - 08:37am PT
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In rural third world villages there's almost zero crime.
They take care of their own.
Their was rape in the amazon rural village.
They caught them. They were stupid foreigners who thought these people were easy prey.
They ended up hanging by their ankles lowered into the amazon and were eaten alive by the piranha.
You should a seen it, holy fuk !!!!!
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zBrown
Ice climber
Brujň de la Playa
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Dec 23, 2014 - 08:40am PT
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Yikes
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MikeL
Social climber
Seattle, WA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 09:11am PT
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Congrats on the article.
I’m sure you know there are some keen comments on the NYT’s page from readers . . . some of which are quite thoughtful about your methodology, data, explanations for the correlations, as well as policy recommendations. Ward’s view (disparaged by most here on this thread) can be found in the Readers’ Picks list more than a few times (albeit with more explanation).
Perhaps most importantly, IMO, you found a great topic to investigate and write about. It’s attracted a lot of conversation. Diagnosis and conversation IS intervention.
After reading the comments on the page from readers, it might become clear just how difficult it is to pinpoint causes of the problem, as well as fix anything. Everything in samsara is connected to everything else. Pound down on one problem and many others seem to pop up as a result.
Again, congrats.
(How did I come under the impression that you dropped out of the game? Maybe you just moved, hmm?)
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Vitaliy M.
Mountain climber
San Francisco
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Dec 23, 2014 - 09:58am PT
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Congrats! That's awesome!
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Seamstress
Trad climber
Yacolt, WA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 10:05am PT
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The factors listed are not lock-step related. This always stirs me up because of the presumption of privilege that goes along with attending college, or better yet an elite college. News flash - there is actually some diversity in many places in our society where the rich and poor often mingle.
There are three distinct issues that intersect here - sexual assault, the fertile environment for problems that exist at increasingly expensive universities, and the entitled attitude of collegiate athletes. That intersection is receiving a lot of attention, but no one should conclude that the most at risk or only at risk environment is on a college campus. Anyone who thought college campuses were safe hasn't been paying attention.
Applause to pointing out that the risk of sexual assault exists, and may be more prevalent in other environments. The changes in societal norms, attitudes, and behaviors that may lessen that risk in one environment may also be effective in other environments. I'd like to see that the enlightenment occur long before people become of college age.
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Chiloe
Trad climber
Lee, NH
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Dec 23, 2014 - 10:13am PT
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There is more about Callie's research and its wider context in a provocative recent article in Slate by Emily Yoffe.
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GLee
Social climber
Montucky
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Dec 23, 2014 - 10:34am PT
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Adding my THANKS to Callie, and to Greg for bring it to our attention!!
WELL DONE.....
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Happiegrrrl2
Trad climber
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Dec 23, 2014 - 11:33am PT
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Congratulations Callie, on the publication.
A tough subject to tackle for sure. Thank you for the work you are doing, with the hopes that it my be a factor in a tide which needs to change in our culture.
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JEleazarian
Trad climber
Fresno CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 02:05pm PT
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It sounds like Rennison and Gillibrand need to hash it out.
.....
A Campus Accountability and Safety Act makes no sense to me.
I can't agree. Like healyje, I am a father of adult daughters. The fact that demographic groups of females with characteristics different from my daughters' may experience higher incidence of sexual violence doesn't mean that the sexual violence on college campuses lacks relevance. I certainly don't read Callie's piece that way. Rather, I read her saying that we need to be careful to avoid ignoring problems regardless of their setting.
John
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High Fructose Corn Spirit
Gym climber
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Dec 23, 2014 - 02:10pm PT
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"that the sexual violence on college campuses lacks relevance"
That is NOT why it doesn't make sense. (Of course it's relevant, geez.)
Why do college campuses have to get involved - they just add one more layer into the bureaucracy. We are a country of laws and law enforcement - that (system) should be enough; that should cover it. If not, reform the laws or the law enforcement.
The role of campuses, today, more than ever, is to teach.
.....
"I can't agree."
Or do you mean it does NOT sound like like Rennison and Gillibrand need to hash it out. I don't know, I think it would be interesting, I'd watch. Maybe on the Colbert Report? Oh, wait... :)
This CASA seems very politically motivated.
"I read her saying that we need to be careful to avoid ignoring problems regardless of their setting."
Of course. (I've read nobody suggesting otherwise.)
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Willoughby
Social climber
Truckee, CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 02:44pm PT
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Rough subject, indeed, and congrats on getting this work out there. I was especially proud to see you start a sentence with the words "These data." That sort of usage, "data" as a plural noun, warms my heart, even in the middle of an essay about sexual violence.
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rockermike
Trad climber
Berkeley
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Dec 23, 2014 - 02:56pm PT
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congrats to Crimp on publication.
I also want to doubly recommend the article HFCS posted up thread at Slate. Long but very informative. Sexual assault is a difficult issue but Slate does a good job of untangling the nuances in a very thorough fashion. One begins to sniff a witch-hunt in the offing. Like all things evil in the world men must be to blame.
Anyway, the article starts with a real life example of an intoxicated female going into an 18 year old freshman's dorm room, undressing, and climbing into his bed. You can guess what follows, but 9 months later she accuses him of rape and he is ousted from the university without trial. Come on, we can do better than that.
Slate also, towards the end of the article, brings up the problem of drinking on campus. To my mind that is the center of the problem - though much ignored.
I might also comment that I find it really annoying when people try to blackball any discussion of female behavior. It must be addressed, not in the interest of placing moral blame, but in the interest of solving or reducing the problem. What do we as a society want after all, solutions or merely placing blame after the fact?
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Gnome Ofthe Diabase
climber
Out Of Bed
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Dec 23, 2014 - 03:04pm PT
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Wow,
as a Dad, and a human, thank you !
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 23, 2014 - 03:07pm PT
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Thanks everyone for your comments. :)
And indeed....data are. :)
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Andy Fielding
Trad climber
UK
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Dec 23, 2014 - 04:17pm PT
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Hope that helps Yes it does, thanks
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neebee
Social climber
calif/texas
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Dec 23, 2014 - 05:08pm PT
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hey there say, cimper... wow, i saw this, at the facebook share...
congratulations again, for you getting published... (my dad read that paper, too) :)
say, and hard to get a paper to present things, when you have a word limit, for sure...
i like what feralfae said:
Callie, good work! I hope your studies help to open more dialogue about the issues of violence, especially sexual violence, against women in this country
without articles... and without attention being focused to issues, no one talks about anything... no one learns, studies, or tries to solve...
you got a good spotlight, spot, there...
keep up your good work, callie, in all things that you do... :)
folks will be inspired to work with what they read--at least we can hope...
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Willoughby
Social climber
Truckee, CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 05:29pm PT
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HFCS - count me, along with Pinker, among the fussy minority.
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bluering
Trad climber
Santa Clara, CA
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Dec 23, 2014 - 05:54pm PT
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Fascinating read, Callie!
It makes logical sense though despite there being a lack of data to prove it amongst "less privileged" women and girls.
I need to read the rest of it, I just read a few paragraphs...Nice job though.
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pc
climber
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Dec 23, 2014 - 06:04pm PT
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Congratulations Callie!
Well presented article. Some of the comments on the NYT site are unreal. There are a lot of evil jackasses out there. Don't take them personally.
Cheers,
Peter
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zBrown
Ice climber
Brujň de la Playa
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Dec 23, 2014 - 07:28pm PT
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I was just curious what it would look like.
Topic Author's Original Post - Dec 22, 2014 - 05:36pm PT
It's in today's paper. I figured someone would have posted up on this by now. I love the NYT op-ed section. It's a pretty big deal (Ron Burgundy big) to get published here.
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/22/opinion/who-suffers-most-from-rape-and-sexual-assault-in-america.html?_r=0
Congrats Callie. That is a real honor and an important message too.
I am not surprised at your general results. But I am surprised that your study is one of so few. Quantifying a problem is critical.
Thanks, Greg, and extra big thanks to Crimpergirl.
Proud Crimpie!
There's been a great movement in the past few years to bring better education and understanding about the realities of rape and sex crimes against women. Of course it had to start with high-profile cases revolving well-loved college fraternities, but the ball got rolling and it has been both refreshing and saddening to see so many women come forth with stories and help to other victims.
There aren't many women in my circles who have not been abused or molested. I've spent more hours staring stone-faced at the floor while a happy and vibrant human lets me in on a darkness that they fight daily. I know our world is getting better, and things are getting better, but things are bad - REAL bad. Even in the best societies.
For the life of me I can't imagine doing those acts - not that I'm some kind of saint, I've sinned enough for a lifetime or two - but there is something innately despicable about forcing yourself on someone and taking their innocence that goes beyond my understanding. As my youthfully ignorant eyes are opened I am overwhelmed by the reality of the damage and the heart of the survivors.
Thanks for the link, I loved it. A great perspective.
Wow. Great and timely OP ED Callie. Right on!
Greg's comments are interesting- a few days ago, in another thread, someone derided the person who got their stuff stolen from their truck for not adequately securing their stuff- as though this person was somehow & to some degree mutually complicit & to blame for losing their stuff to some scumbag.
My impression of that position at that time brought me to the same viewpoint related to rape, esp. as in college environments. (I didn't bring it up at that time as it seemed too hyperbolic of a comparison.) There is a disturbing, real point of view out there that victims of rape who dress a particular way, drink too much, or say something in a particular way, are therefore complicit in what happens to them.
This point of view makes me nauseated....that it could possibly exist and somehow seem acceptable to anyone in our supposedly 'advanced' society. Greg's right...things are still bad out there.
Way to GO, CG!
Thanks Eeeyonkee for sharing. I'm glad folks are enjoying the piece. It's a shame that sexual violence continues to be a terrible problem here in the USA, but happy it is receiving increased attention. Hopefully that will make a difference.
Well done!
Nice work, Crimp!
Good work, Callie.
Good framing with the recent interest in sexual assault at colleges.
Do you have a PDF version of a paper where you go beyond
one-variable stratifications (which are the right starting point).
I am thinking you probably estimated a logit model where age and the
other factors are all considered at the same time,
and see what comes in as most significant after age.
Although it would quickly get too technical for an op-ed, probably.
Awesome stuff, Callie.
Way to represent!
Brvavo!
Good on ya crimpie. That must have been a hard piece to write.
Wow, Crimpie, you have arrived!
Glad you shine a light on this topic. At the high school where I teach (60% qualifying for free lunch) an enormous fist is coming down on social media harassment and sexting. Males and females are equal offenders no matter the race or social class. With so many suspensions and law enforcement penalties, kids are finally "getting it." Schools all over CA are being sued for turning a blind eye.
Had my friends and I not taught Maya Angelou's I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings recently, we wouldn't have had girls come forward to report their molestation resembling the protagonist.
Change is happening to protect teens.
I'm very proud of Callie's hard work on this :-) We had sushi for dinner to celebrate - yum.
Brava! Callie, good work! I hope your studies help to open more dialogue about the issues of violence, especially sexual violence, against women in this country. We seem to have more than our share of it in this nation.
So glad to see the work you are doing, thank you
feralfae
Testify!!!
Clint - I sent you a PM. Let me know if it doesn't arrive.
the rest of the night off, mkay?
:) Thanks Reilly - will do. :) And thanks to the rest of you for your kind words.
Excellent! Thanks for a great article.
Susan
Callie that was an awesome piece. Thanks for the hard work you did to get it published :-D !!!
Outstanding work, and well-deserved recognition, Callie. I, too, would be interested in any multivariate statistics. While it doesn't surprise me (sad to say), it still saddens me that sexual assault and rape are two more indignities that the poorest women experience disproportionately.
John
This is important work and it's fantastic to have the opportunity to get it out to such a wide audience through the NYT.
Congratulations on the work and the high profile publication.
Congrats. Strangely enough I was just wondering the other night what you'd been up to.
Congrats on the national media exposeure for your research. Hopefully there will now be more attention on this horrible situation.
Kind of odd that that the only metric for rape cited in this article was income---- but not all that surprising, given that we are talking NY Times here.
That rape is more common amonst the economically and socially "disadvantaged" is not news.
Who funded this eye-opening revelation? Not the taxpayer I hope.
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Sierra Ledge Rat
Mountain climber
Old and Broken Down in Appalachia
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Dec 24, 2014 - 05:54am PT
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Congrats
Rape is highly under reported and the stats quoted are "estimated."
Quote from the article
"I recently tried to answer this question by comparing female sexual victimization rates with a variety of social and economic disadvantage measures from National Crime Victimization Survey data, from 1992 to 2012. These data, like all data, are imperfect, and it is believed that they underestimate sexual victimization rates to some degree. But for my purpose this underestimation was unimportant since it was constant and therefore would not affect the relative differences between groups."
As a scientist, I think that this assumption (constant underestimated rate) is unfounded without data to show that under reporting is, indeed, constant across all groups. Because my feeling is that women who are disenfranchised are more likely to not report than other women.
FYI, I used to volunteer in a rape crisis center as a rape crisis counselor during medical school.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 06:29am PT
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We know that reporting TO POLICE differs across groups. I've researched and published a lot in this area.
The survey used does not gather data from police, so differential reporting rates to the police do not affect the rates shown here.
Sierra - Why do you feel that in responding to a survey, college females and non-college females would reveal their victimizations to us differently to such a degree as to affect rates of violence shown here?
Also, if that is the case, how would you demonstrate/measure that?
Serious questions.
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Sierra Ledge Rat
Mountain climber
Old and Broken Down in Appalachia
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Dec 24, 2014 - 06:50am PT
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Why do you feel that in responding to a survey...
Serious answer.
If you are going to make assumptions that affect your data anlysis, then you have to be prepared to provide evidence to support your assumptions.
I am not sure that there is a difference in reporting on a survey, but there could be a difference. You have already stated that there is a difference in reporting to police - so why would you then assume that there would not a difference in reporting elsewhere? I think that's a leap without some evidence to support that believe.
I don't know whether or not there is is is not a difference, but it's something to consider.
How would you measure under-reporting on a survey? Ha! Good question! That's why I despise research and I stay in the clinical world.
Anyway, this is all nit-picking that you should expect when publishing research, it's the nature of the game. Good luck!
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 07:04am PT
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I've been publishing a long time and I don't mind getting critical comments. Academia is loaded with lots of critical comments! Believe me, I have plenty about my own work too as I know that no data, methods, analysis or research are perfect.
The difficult thing about asking people things - whether on a survey or in a physician's office - is that it is imperfect. Without survey research or survey's given to patient's in a waiting room, we would be operating based on total guesses and personal hunches which doesn't make for good science or medicine.
I was curious about your thoughts about which group would be less likely to report RSA to a survey and why. And your reasons for why you think one group would do so to a degree that would affect rates. I'm quite open to others' ideas - that's why I asked.
edit: Also, oddly, the differences in reporting to police go counter to my hunches - that is, the least powerful groups report to police more. If that translated over to the survey, it'd just widen this gap. I'm not really sure I can justify applying that to differential answers given in a survey (different from non-response in a survey). I just can't figure out a reason for why one group would lie or withhold or misrepresent information to a large degree. I'm open to others' ideas.
double edit: Thanks for your response. I'm genuinely curious.
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hobo_dan
Social climber
Minnesota
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Dec 24, 2014 - 07:21am PT
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Thanks for stepping up
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Daphne
Trad climber
Northern California
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Dec 24, 2014 - 08:49am PT
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I wonder if different groups of women have different levels of shame about being raped/abused and this has a effect on reporting. Shame, guilt, self-blame, and dissociation are common in these crimes. These internal states would affect how and whether a woman reports abuse.
As a clinician, I'm on the front lines of treating women (and men) survivors so this kind of research moves me.
I look forward to following the further outcomes of your research.
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Sierra Ledge Rat
Mountain climber
Old and Broken Down in Appalachia
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Dec 24, 2014 - 08:49am PT
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I was curious about your thoughts about which group would be less likely to report RSA to a survey and why
I would think that women who feel disenfranchised would feel: "Why bother?" because they feel that nothing is going to happen anyway. A counter argument is since it is an anoymous survey then the same women would report because "finally" someone was asking.
As I said, just food for thought. It would be very difficult to design a study to test such a hypothesis.
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:28am PT
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Anyway, the article starts with a real life example of an intoxicated female going into an 18 year old freshman's dorm room, undressing, and climbing into his bed. You can guess what follows, but 9 months later she accuses him of rape and he is ousted from the university without trial. Come on, we can do better than that.
It is important to understand, in this scenario, that an intoxicated person cannot give consent. Neither can an unconscious person, nor an underage person (although not the situation, here).
There doesn't need to be a trial if a well-established rule was broken, and the alleged person agrees to the fact of the breaking. I believe that falls into contracts.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:33am PT
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There is evidence of differences in revealing this by age. For example, older (dare I say senior. :)) women are thought to be less likely to reveal it. The comparison groups I used for this are 18-24 year olds so I doubt age matters (an assumption).
Of course there could be a difference, but I can't make a reasonable argument as to why there would be one with these two groups. And it seems that testing for it is impossible since we'd have to rely on what they say.
Lots of work to be done.
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:44am PT
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I was curious about your thoughts about which group would be less likely to report RSA to a survey and why. And your reasons for why you think one group would do so to a degree that would affect rates. I'm quite open to others' ideas - that's why I asked.
I would have thought that a disadvantaged group would have had a lower reporting of a RSA on a survey than actual, for a couple of cultural reasons.
More educated people are far more used to surveys and the concept of confidentiality of surveys, and might have more confidence that their answers will be held confidential.
Because less educated people are more likely (I think) to have had interactions with the police, they would have less trust of any sort of authority figure, such as survey takers.
Less educated people include illiterate people, who cannot really respond, as well as mentally disturbed and challenged people at higher rates than educated groups, all of which might lack the capacity to meaningfully answer a survey.
For a variety of reasons, I think that the less educated would opt not to take the survey at all at a higher rate....too busy trying to survive with no time, not activist minded in the way that colleges promote, less access to a caring, supportive system that allows one to think about what happened, and I'd guess having to live in an environment that stigmatizes the victim as the one "at fault" more than the environment of better educated people--making one much more likely to simply "bury" the issue.
All that having been said, one has to start somewhere, and as you state, there is a sad lack of good data. Highlighting that is very important.
Callie, outstanding work getting this in the Times, which amazes me. It seems that the mainstream media rarely puts such fact-based informative articles in the Op/Ed pages. Good work getting it in, and I'm sure it will raise the profile of these crimes among some.
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John M
climber
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:47am PT
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Perhaps its possible to create a control group. Ask for survey participants of close female friends.
Give one survey to one friend, give another survey to the other friend.
ask the first your questions about rape.
Ask the other questions about their friend. Has their friend been raped or abused type questions.
Don't tell them beforehand that they are taking different surveys.
I don't' know if that would even work, because I know that friends lie for each other. But if the questions were well thought out, it might be a way to tease some information out.
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John M
climber
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:50am PT
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I wonder how many people lie on surveys. I lie when I'm annoyed by telephone surveys.
Crimpie.. congrats by the way. You shine girl.
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:52am PT
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And it seems that testing for it is impossible since we'd have to rely on what they say.
I'm not familiar with the survey tool that you used in this comparison, but I'd think there would be very considerable differences between a written survey, and how entry into it was accomplished, and
A face-to-face survey, and
a face-to-face with a woman survey taker, and
a face-to-face with a woman survey taker trained in rape counseling or other professionals used to dealing with the scenario.
Hard to do, though. Probably very expensive.
How do you get them in the room? You might be able to track non-participation?
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:54am PT
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I'm curious about citizenship status and reporting, the Dreamer group of females in particular.
I'd think anytime you have a group that is in an inferior position of power, there is going to be a certain amount of exploitation.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 09:59am PT
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I can offer some insight on these great points based on the National Crime Victimization Survey which is the one I use primary in my work.
Non-response across groups is monitored (but obviously not on every possible characteristic. Weighting the data - which is a must - takes care of that to the degree possible.
Illiteracy can be an issue, as can language issues. At least with the NCVS, the respondent never ever sees the survey. It's a beast - talk about scaring off respondents! The survey is administered by trained field representatives so illiteracy doesn't affect this one.
The survey is administered in many languages so people who speak say Chinese or Spanish get the survey in their preferred language.
Citizenship is a missing variable (sadly) but one that is being added. I do a lot of research focused on Hispanic victimization and their interaction with (i.e., reporting to) the Police. I think it's a key variable and one I'm happy will be included shortly.
The survey is conducted in this way (briefly). It is a household survey. All persons age 12+ in the household are surveyed. We return to the household every six months. Only after the initial survey can the survey be conducted by phone - it is up to the respondent. If they can't be reached by phone, the field rep returns to the home. The survey has really high response rates which is awesome. It hovers around the 90% (differs a little based on whether one is speaking of the household response rate vs. the person response rate).
As far as a control group or asking friends - that would be fun and heinously (and prohibitively) expensive. There is an entire body of research that looks at measuring rape/sexual assault. It's not so easy or straightforward. And if someone has never ever revealed a victimization to anyone, their friend wouldn't know anyway. Those who never reveal exist for sure. There is some research where the research measured someone as having been assaulted, but the respondent says they weren't - and vice versa. It's pretty fascinating and complex stuff.
edit: For those interested in the methodology of the survey, read more here: http://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=dcdetail&iid=245.
It's a pretty cool survey and much methodology research came from this survey. It was the first victimization survey and has served as the model for those implemented throughout the world. I doubt any other (or few other) surveys have been scrutinized to the degree it has and that is good news. I love methodological research!
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John M
climber
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Dec 24, 2014 - 10:02am PT
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Thanks Crimp.. surveys are an area that I know little about. So this is interesting. And yes.. it helps.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 10:05am PT
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You're welcome John M. I LOVE survey methodology research. It is yet another reason I am so fascinating at cocktail parties. :) Ha!
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John M
climber
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Dec 24, 2014 - 10:07am PT
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LOL.. totally laughing out loud.
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Reilly
Mountain climber
The Other Monrovia- CA
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Dec 24, 2014 - 10:18am PT
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Crimp, I hear a lot of anecdotal stuff, filtered through the HIPAA lens, and it never ceases to
amaze that so many don't want the police involved and don't understand that that isn't an
option once you present. I've also heard some scary stories about the 16* year old's boyfriend
standing there covered in gang tatoos glaring away.
*or 15, or 14...
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 10:33am PT
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Research shows that reporting to the police is poor when it comes to this sort of violence. Research also shows that it differs based on victim characteristics (and other characteristics like victim/offender relationship). No doubt about that at all.
The CJ system has improved greatly in its handling of RSA, but it's still really really terrible. RSA is the only violence that the victim is heavily scrutinized and their truthfulness is questioned. You don't see that with robbery, or burglary or motor vehicle theft (are you sure you didn't want to share your money and credit cards with that young man sir? Have you had anything to drink sir? If you didn't want to get robbed why are you wearing a nice suit sir?) edit: Not to single out the CJ system - they represent society at large.
RSA has no higher false reporting rates than other types of crime, yet some frequently represent it differently. (Don't confuse unfounding with false reporting - they are very different but often presented as the same). Prosecuting these cases is really difficult (for those very few that make it to trial). As prosecutors say "you must first acquit the victim before you can convict the offender." That's sad isn't it?
Frankly, I often wonder why anyone would report it to the police or do anything that would lead to police involvement. I wouldn't. It is a pretty sad state of affairs still.
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JEleazarian
Trad climber
Fresno CA
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Dec 24, 2014 - 11:11am PT
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Thanks for the link, Crimpie. Believe it or not, I really do like reading about survey methodology, particularly the statistical methods used for estimation, because they have relevance to econometrics.
In particular, I often deal with multiple regressions and standard error analysis, using non-experimental data. Most often I use the results of those regressions to estimate parameters of models of uncertain form.
Your study, in particular, struck me as one involving a lot of the same issues I face in microeconomic analysis. For example, one's educational attainment affects one's income, marital status, and numerous other variables, including, for my professional purposes, demand for certain products and services. But each of those explanatory variables also affect each other. Simple, single-stage, least squares regression yields incorrect coefficients and, more importantly, standard errors, for the coefficients. To make matters worse, the effect of the error in computing the standard errors always makes the calculated standard errors less than the true standard error of the model or study.
Freakonomics gives a glimpse of the sorts of crossovers between sociological and economic issues. Your study gives me inspiration for looking at some of these issues from an economic perspective.
John
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apogee
climber
Technically expert, safe belayer, can lead if easy
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Dec 24, 2014 - 11:13am PT
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Why hasn't the topic of rape been addressed directly here in an ST thread in the past? (Or did I miss it?)
ST OT threads seem to go everywhere...and there are plenty of ST regulars who are women, or men with wives, daughters & sisters who have this threat present in their lives (or worse)....
It's surprises me that it hasn't received it's own spotlight here at ST. Not to suggest that this thread become the place to do that....better that it serve as a place to acknowledge CG's great work. Still, it's a very worthwhile subject appropriately broach.
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eeyonkee
Trad climber
Golden, CO
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Topic Author's Reply - Dec 24, 2014 - 11:36am PT
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So, I've just re-read the piece, and I'm wondering, why haven't I been published here? I mean, I look at Callie's sentences... every one of them has a verb, they're not overly-reliant on past participles, good use of pronouns and conjunctives...nice, but nothing special. I do that. So, I'm really happy for you and all, but, frankly, I'm beginning to wonder about all of those rejections I've gotten from the NYT. Maybe they don't like guys with last names that are British prime ministers or something.
But seriously, let's have a Happy Hour in honor of Callie. I propose Saturday, January 3rd at Old Chicago in Superior 6:30 (the usual). If Callie can't make that, please suggest another time.
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Sierra Ledge Rat
Mountain climber
Old and Broken Down in Appalachia
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Dec 24, 2014 - 11:47am PT
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I LOVE survey methodology research
You are a sick woman!
Which we already knew since you are a climber!! (:
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WBraun
climber
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Dec 24, 2014 - 11:57am PT
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Why hasn't the topic of rape been addressed directly here in an ST thread in the past? (Or did I miss it?)
Yes you missed it.
"How my hairdresser raped my hair and turned it into a Billy Idol masterpiece" ......
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BLUEBLOCR
Social climber
joshua tree
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Dec 24, 2014 - 12:32pm PT
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The one risk factor that remains consistent whether women are advantaged or disadvantaged is age, and women ages 16 to 20 are sexually victimized at the highest rates.
you said 6 out of a thousand are "raped", another words said NO to sex. i wonder how many in that age group are saying Yes? Obviously at that age the sexual hormones are hitting the body like a tidelwave! And by coincidence these kids are leaving the stability and loving companionship of their families home to living in a dorm with complete strangers. i also wonder how many "rapes" occurred by people the victim never met? i'd guess the majority of victims knew the SOB's.
The Atheist voice in America today has swayed the social opinion to condone unwed casual sex. It's certainly common place in music, tv, and internet. Sex on the first date might mean love. But if it doesn't happen by the second or third date it prolly wasnt meant to be.
This age group also has the highest rate of abortions. i'd like to see the stats of who voted for this legalization. don't be surprised if the highest percentage came from men in this age group.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 12:56pm PT
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Your wish is my command Eeeyonkee!
Boulder area Happy Hour on Jan 3rd thread is not up!
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eeyonkee
Trad climber
Golden, CO
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Topic Author's Reply - Dec 24, 2014 - 01:41pm PT
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Um..., is not up? What are you saying exactly (my default is - we're on!)?
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pc
climber
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Dec 24, 2014 - 01:43pm PT
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Okay Blueblockr, As an atheist I do condone casual consensual sex between nonwed adults. What does your statement have to do with the topic of this thread? My non scientific impression is that religious repression is much more of a culprit in violent sex situations.
pc
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Dec 24, 2014 - 02:49pm PT
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DOH! Now, not not.
It's up NOW. :) Funny typo. :)
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Dec 24, 2014 - 10:48pm PT
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I think it is important when we talk about a well-supported article, that we should post good information, and preferably support factual assertions with citations to those facts:
This age group also has the highest rate of abortions. i'd like to see the stats of who voted for this legalization. don't be surprised if the highest percentage came from men in this age group.
This is factually not true. 58% of US abortions occur in women in their 20's.
https://www.guttmacher.org/media/presskits/abortion-US/statsandfacts.html
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Dec 26, 2014 - 10:54am PT
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I've been thinking about the issue over the holiday.
One can snipe about research methodology, and for researchers it is the constant game, in the march to perfect methodology.
But there are two issues involved with that.
Turning something very human into something statistical, which makes something horrific into something that can be discussed by sensitive people.
By doing that, it can make the horrific act something that is no longer meaningful, but just a number. And it's easy to forget that what is being discussed are real humans.
The first is a real societal service, and thanks Callie for contributing to that!
The second needs to be guarded against. It is so easy to dehumanize what is going on.
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BLUEBLOCR
Social climber
joshua tree
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Dec 26, 2014 - 08:54pm PT
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The first is a real societal service, and thanks Callie for contributing to that!
Hear Hear! i too give Thanks to Crimpergirl for the respectability of the article which the New York Times copied.
in my rush, the article seemed like just a sliver out of the whole pie? Instantly i wanted to know a path to a better place. For that,("you can't know where your going, if you don't know where you been." jumped into my head) so i started questioning what got us to the problem. The problem here being 16-20 yro girls are most cepteble to having sex forced upon.
i wonder how our stats measure up with the other countries of the world?
Questioning whether its societal or evolutionary?
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climbski2
Mountain climber
Anchorage AK, Reno NV
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Dec 26, 2014 - 08:59pm PT
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There are a lot of ways to say no, or to indicate NO or to be too afraid to say no. or to be incapacitated.
Sex is perhaps the most powerful of human motivations. males the most powerful of sexes. A terrible crime that something so wonderful is perverted to something deeply harmful. A harm that transmits through generations
To be noble is to stand up for those who have less ability to do so.
Salute to Callie
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BLUEBLOCR
Social climber
joshua tree
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Dec 26, 2014 - 09:40pm PT
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Sex is perhaps the most powerful of human motivations.
Yep! It's what's got us here! Reproduction! Just ask our ancestors the animals. But they have sex because they HAVE to, Right? That's what Science sez. You've heard about Cause-n-Effect!? Is not their motivation for sex totally based on reproduction, seeing it's so seasonal and all? Whereas there is a very small percentage of humans having sex precisely inorder to have offspring. MOST human sex encounters are motivated by the pursuit for that feeling, the most spectacular feeling we know to date. And so we associate it with Love.
This certainly seperates us from the animals. But it also screws with peoples minds who believe touch is Love
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murcy
Gym climber
sanfrancisco
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Dec 29, 2014 - 11:33am PT
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Just saw this. Wonderful, important work.
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Marlow
Sport climber
OSLO
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Dec 29, 2014 - 11:52am PT
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Great work from Crimpergirl & Co. Just what I like about science. The ability to make distinctions between higher and lower frequencies, reality and the common-ruling-class-sense or newspaper spinning. Combined with an openness to uncertainity and what we still don't know. TFPU!
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Toker Villain
Big Wall climber
Toquerville, Utah
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Dec 30, 2014 - 12:15pm PT
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Good job.
You should write another addressing the issue of women's wages.
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jgill
Boulder climber
Colorado
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Dec 30, 2014 - 02:58pm PT
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Good piece. Very thoughtful.
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labrat
Trad climber
Auburn, CA
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Dec 30, 2014 - 03:21pm PT
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Thanks for the great read :-)
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Feb 28, 2015 - 09:26pm PT
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I know that bringing this this back up violates the 30-second attention interval rule, but I just recently read the Slate article previously mentioned, which also references and mentions Callie's research, and it approaches all this from a different angle, which is also angering.
http://www.slate.com/articles/double_x/doublex/2014/12/college_rape_campus_sexual_assault_is_a_serious_problem_but_the_efforts.html
I really have to wonder if a large part of the problem is that this is removed from the normal law enforcement function of communities. At least the "special victims units" are trained to be better in dealing with all this. I can't see anyone else investigating these things, and they should be dealt with in a court setting, I'd think.
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NutAgain!
Trad climber
South Pasadena, CA
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First time I read the article just now... Very good point that seems to track more generally with our media attention and violence: some parts of our society are expected to have problems and most crime in there doesn't reach the news. Higher income victims get more news attention (and potentially police resources to track the crime?)
One minor quibble that, when explored, may actually emphasize Callie's point more:
But for my purpose this underestimation was unimportant since it was constant and therefore would not affect the relative differences between groups.
I don't think it's safe to assume the under-reporting rate is constant between different groups. The degree to which a victim feels powerless or thinks that no benefit will come from reporting would seem to affect the rate of reporting, and I suspect this rate of reporting would be lower in disadvantaged socioeconomic groups. That in itself seems to be a part of this puzzle worth examining. It is a variable in the perception of the attacker too, when judging the risk/cost of getting caught vs the immediate "benefit" (gratification/claiming power/etc) that motivates the crime.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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On phone so this is short. Underreporting in that context does not refer to reporting to police where differences are established. And findings are clear there- disadvantaged report to the police at higher rates.
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NutAgain!
Trad climber
South Pasadena, CA
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Thanks for quick response and clarifying! When you have time:
I'm still confused about what type of under reporting is specified; is it under reporting to surveys when collecting data for the study? Or under-reporting of the police filed reports by news outlets? Or something else?
As for under reporting to the police: I'm surprised. Do you think it's because of a greater sense of social stigma in privileged classes? Or differences in circumstances that lead to the assault? Or something else?
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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I'm surprised by that, also.
It shows why you actually have to do the research, rather than just speculate about these things. This is the great value of what Callie is doing---actually looking.
Or as they say in sports: You actually have to play the game to see the result.
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Crimpergirl
Sport climber
Boulder, Colorado!
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Where do we get data on violence?
Two primary places - 1. FBI. The FBI has been collecting data on violence (and other things) since about 1929 (other groups collected it before). It is very useful data in many ways, but has flaws (like all data). A big flaw is that it can only report that which has been reported to the police, and that which the police records, and that which the police voluntarily submits to the FBI. 2. NCVS. This data collection effort began in the early 1970s as a complement to the FBI data. A primary reason it was gathered was to understand how much violence (and other crimes - like property crime) was not reported to the police. From the NCVS (which is gathered directly from people who have been victimized) we know a lot about the nature and extent of police reporting.
Under-reporting:
The research looks at characteristics of victims, of offenders and of the incident. We know that in general violence against women, the poor, older people, and the wealthy is more like to be reported to the police. I've done a lot of research in the area because I too have been surprised that (for example) violence against blacks is reported at higher percentages than is violence whites. It makes little sense to me given the historic (and current) relationship between the parties. Still, this is what the research shows and it has shown it over time and consistently. As far as characteristics of reporting, certain characteristics of violence is associated with reporting: stranger violence, use of weapon, and injury to the victim. This is the general rule about it - but one of the things that I've found is that it doesn't necessarily hold well for female victims. Take intimate partner violence for example - when a gun is brandished, the violence is less likely to be reported than when no weapon is brandished. Why? I suspect because the woman knows that calling the police will very likely result in her death - and data backs that notion up. So it's a complex and interesting field that I really enjoy (but a bit afield from the question asked).
What underreporting am I talking about?
The NCVS is known to under estimate the number of rapes and sexual assaults. Like I said above, no data are perfect and that includes the NCVS. Why? because it is a crime survey and people many not feel that what happened to them was a crime (e.g., if they knew the perpetrator). The NCVS does encourage people to report incidents even if they don't believe it was a crime, and even if it was committed by someone they know, but I think it's fair to say that some victims still do not share the incident. Another way the NCVS is thought to underestimate rate is due to the type of questions asked. NCVS asks non-graphic questions (long history here with tons of work going on about it right now). Other surveys ask graphic questions (i.e., behavioral questions - e.g., did anyone use their finger, tongue, penis, or object and place it into, *orifices)* without consent...). Behavioral questions tend to lead to higher estimates. Many of these surveys are not perfect though as they also use broader definitions of rape which include certain things that others don't feel constitute rape/sexual assault. Talking about all of this could take up books (and has). Anyway, suffice it to say that the NCVS underestimates the rate of rape/sexual assault (though it still offers alarming numbers). (But I also caution that just because a survey offers higher estimates, it does not mean it offers better estimates).
In my NYT piece, I offered estimates from the NCVS for many groups (e.g., home owner v renters; levels of education). While we can assume all estimates I presented are low (but still alarming), we have no evidence of systematic differences in sharing victimization experiences with field representatives of the NCVS between the groups I compared. For example there is no reason to suggest that home owners systematically held back information of victimization from NCVS reps compared to renters. Or that college graduates systematically held back information from field reps compared to high school graduates.
Fact is, we can't know if any group help back sharing of rape/sexual assault because by definition it is unknown. We call that the 'dark figure'.
But as an exercise, let's use the reporting violence to the police as a guide to this dark figure of RSA. Maybe given what we know about police reporting we can assume that the poor, and blacks, and others are less likely (in a systematic fashion) to share experiences with field reps. If that is the case, it only strengthens my argument because their higher rates would be even higher than I show. I'm not willing to suggest I know that is true though without evidence.
That make sense? It's been difficult to type this with a very "helpful" cat.
Edit: Here's some reporting to the police estimates. It's an older report, but this stuff doesn't change year to year so it's still worth looking at: http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/rcp00.pdf
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Lollie
Social climber
I'm Lolli.
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Very very nice, Crimpergirl!
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FRUMY
Trad climber
Bishop,CA
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^^^^^^^^^^ TFPU
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Ken M
Mountain climber
Los Angeles, Ca
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Finally, we have identified the primary problem in female violence research:
Cats!
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Clint Cummins
Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
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Jun 11, 2015 - 01:56pm PT
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Cool related article by Charlene Senn in the 6/10 New England Journal of Medicine -
12 hour "don't be a victim class" reduces college rape/sexual assault by 50%.
With an interesting quote about one of the reasons the sexual assault rate is high
for freshmen/sophomore women:
Young women arriving at college have widely been socialized to be friendly and likable, which can blind them to the aggressive advances they might encounter at a party Seems like a good understanding of one of the key factors.
http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-campus-sexual-assault-prevention-program-20150609-story.html
Of course these crimes are not the victim's fault,
and it would be great if more college guys would clean up their act.
But it's wise to play defense, because there will usually be some bad guys out there.
And the 50% reduction seems like an impressive result.
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